The cost of Oxygen!! Very interesting!!!

In one day a human being breathes oxygen equivalent to 3 cylinders.

Each oxygen cylinder on an average costs Rs.700/-, without subsidy.

So, in a day one uses Oxygen worth Rs. 2,100/- and for a full year it is Rs. 7,66,500/-. And, if we consider an average life span of 65 years; the costs of oxygen we use become a staggering sum of Rs. 500,00,000/- = Rs. 50 million. All this oxygen is derived free of cost from the surrounding trees. 


Very few people look at trees as a RESOURCE. 
Protect Trees!  

Pixels of our Eyes???

How many megapixels does the human eye have???

you see things one way, and your camera sees things differently.
So, what is the resolution of the human eye, at which a camera would be able to truly capture an image the way the eye sees it?

The answer is 576MP, the technical breakdown is as follows:

Consider a view in front of you that is 90 degrees by 90 degrees, like looking through an open window at a scene. The number of pixels would be 90 degrees * 60 arc-minutes/degree * 1/0.3 * 90 * 60 * 1/0.3 = 324,000,000 pixels (324 megapixels).

At any one moment, you actually do not perceive that many pixels, but your eye moves around the scene to see all the detail you want. But the human eye really sees a larger field of view, close to 180 degrees. Let’s be conservative and use 120 degrees for the field of view.

Then we would see 120 * 120 * 60 * 60 / (0.3 * 0.3) = 576 megapixels.

The full angle of human vision would require even more megapixels. This kind of image detail requires A large format camera to record.


Therefore, once our cameras reach 576MP, the pictures you take with your camera will look exactly the same as you see them.

Just be patient, its coming out, soon.. In the next millennium.. Maybe.


Source : Mechatronics and Electrical Power Engg., (Facebook Page)

Age is NO BAR in Future

Hi guys...!!!

Today i came across an article in newspaper that an average age of a man can be increased beyond the 80-100years mark. How you ask? The same question flew around my mind like the eagle rounding its prey in
the sky. Immediately the next paragraph in the article revealed whats that.?? Actually, a human cell contains genes which are converted into chromosomes at the time of cell division. At this time another component gets formed. Its the "telomeres". I initially doubted why
they are concerned about "telomeres" because we would've studied in our lower classes about telomeres are the ones which classify the types of chromosomes present in the cell. But i found the different function of telomeres in our chromosomes. They are ones that is vital in cell division and if they are absent the cell division is stopped
at that point itself. And the cell's life span is put an end and hence the with the loss overall count of cells like this makes us older and older after our 20's. Till twenties one enzyme called "telomerase", is
involved in the maintenance of "telomeres" and hence our body gets more and more cells and expand quickly till twenties. After twenties that enzyme is getting deactivated and the maintenance work of the
telomeres is abruptly stopped. After this the telomeres gets to shorten in size with each cell division and at one point it'll be absent where the cell division stops.

Now scientists has discovered this and are finding an solution to re-activate the enzyme back to work in the maintenance of the telomeres in the cell during cell division and hence there will be cell division so long and we'll be young as like forever. Thats what we would call as "MAGIC"!!!




BOTTOM-LINE:
Ladies who are tired about being getting older now can have a solution :P

--
Sent from my mobile device

Biologists' Discovery May Force Revision Of Biology Textbooks

Basic biology textbooks may need a bit of revising now that biologists at UC San Diego have discovered a never-before-noticed component of our basic genetic material.

According to the textbooks, chromatin, the natural state of DNA in the cell, is made up of nucleosomes. And nucleosomes are the basic repeating unit of chromatin.

Credit: James Kadonaga, UC San Diego

When viewed by a high powered microscope, nucleosomes look like beads on a string (photo at right). But in the August 19th issue of the journal Molecular Cell, UC San Diego biologists report their discovery of a novel chromatin particle halfway between DNA and a nucleosome (photo at left). While it looks like a nucleosome, they say, it is in fact a distinct particle of its own.

"This novel particle was found as a precursor to a nucleosome," said James Kadonaga, a professor of biology at UC San Diego who headed the research team and calls the particle a "pre-nucleosome." "These findings suggest that it is necessary to reconsider what chromatin is. The pre-nucleosome is likely to be an important player in how our genetic material is duplicated and used."

The biologists say that while the pre-nucleosome may look something like a nucleosome under the microscope, biochemical tests have shown that it is in reality halfway between DNA and a nucleosome.

These pre-nucleosomes, the researchers say, are converted into nucleosomes by a motor protein that uses the energy molecule ATP (see graphic).

Credit: James Kadonaga, UC San Diego

"The discovery of pre-nucleosomes suggests that much of chromatin, which has been generally presumed to consist only of nucleosomes, may be a mixture of nucleosomes and pre-nucleosomes," said Kadonaga. "So, this discovery may be the beginning of a revolution in our understanding of what chromatin is."

"The packaging of DNA with histone proteins to form chromatin helps stabilize chromosomes and plays an important role in regulating gene activities and DNA replication," said Anthony Carter, who oversees chromatin grants at the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, which funded the research. "The discovery of a novel intermediate DNA-histone complex offers intriguing insights into the nature of chromatin and may help us better understand how it impacts these key cellular processes."

Contacts and sources:
Kim McDonald
University of California - San Diego

The Dark Secret Of Queen Hatshepsut's Mysterious Flacon

Bonn scientists shed light on the dark secret of Queen Hatshepsut's flacon

Queen Hatshepsut statue

Image: Wikipedia

The corpus delicti is a plain flacon from among the possessions of Pharaoh Hatshepsut, who lived around 1450 B.C., which is on exhibit in the permanent collection of the Egyptian Museum of the University of Bonn. For three and a half millennia, the vessel may have held a deadly secret. 

This is what the Head of the collection, Michael Höveler-Müller and Dr. Helmut Wiedenfeld from the university's Pharmacology Institute just discovered. After two years of research it is now clear that the flacon did not hold a perfume; instead, it was a kind of skin care lotion or even medication for a monarch suffering from eczema. In addition, the pharmacologists found a strongly carcinogenic substance. Was Hatshepsut killed by her medicine?

Michael Höveler-Müller (left) and Dr. Helmut Wiedenfeld with the mysterious vial.

Photo: Barbara Frommann / Uni Bonn

When Michael Höveler-Müller became the curator of the Egyptian Museum of the University of Bonn in 2009, it occurred to him to examine the interior of the vessel that, according to an inscription, belonged to Pharaoh Hatshepsut. Its neck had been blocked with what was generally considered "dirt," but Höveler-Müller suspected that it might also be the original clay stopper. So possibly, some of the original contents might still be inside. In Dr. Helmut Wiedenfeld from the Pharmacy Institute, he found just the right partner, to get to the bottom of this question and of the flacon.

The "corpus delicti". 

Photo: Egyptian Museum / University of Bonn

At the Radiology Clinic of the Bonn Universitätsklinikum, the flacon was subjected to a CAT scan. Here, the Egyptologist's suspicion was confirmed – not only was the closure intact, but the vessel also held residue of a dried-up liquid. In the summer of 2009, Professor Dr. Friedrich Bootz from the Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde (laryngology, rhinology and otology) of the University of Bonn took samples, using an endoscope.

Too greasy for perfume

This allowed Dr. Wiedenfeld and his team to analyze the old substances for their ingredients. And it became obvious very quickly that what they had found was not dried-up perfume. The mix contained large amounts of palm oil and nutmeg apple oil. "I didn't think anybody would put so much grease on her face," said Dr. Wiedenfeld. "That would make her look as greasy as a plate of ribs." Two additional components clued the pharmacologist in to the actual purpose of the mix, "We found a lot of unsaturated fatty acids that provide relief for people with skin diseases." And this is where the Egyptologist was able to add another piece of the puzzle, "It is indeed known that there were cases of skin disease in Hatshepsut's family." Inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis have a largely genetic component.

And the third group of ingredients also points to the fact that this substance was not about providing a nice fragrance, but instead, for fighting a big itch – the pharmacologists found a lot of hydrocarbons derived from creosote and asphalt. To this day, creams containing creosote are used to treat chronic skin diseases. Due to the potentially carcinogenic effects of some of its ingredients, creosote has meanwhile been banned from cosmetics completely, and medications containing creosote are now prescription-only.

What the pharmacologists detected in Hatshepsut's little bottle was in particular benzo(a)pyrene, a hazardous aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of several carbon rings. "Benzo(a)pyrene is one of the most dangerous carcinogenic substances we know," explained Dr. Wiedenfeld. For example, the risk of contracting lung cancer from cigarette smoke results essentially from this substance.

Did the lotion cause the Pharaoh's death from cancer?

Did Hatshepsut maybe poison herself without knowing it? "There is a lot that speaks for this hypothesis," Dr. Wiedenfeld said. "If you imagine that the Queen had a chronic skin disease and that she found short-term improvement from the salve, she may have exposed herself to a great risk over the years." The Egyptologist also thinks that this is very likely. "We have known for a long time that Hatshepsut had cancer and maybe even died from it," said Michael Höveler-Müller. "We may now know the actual cause."

But at this point, the Bonn scientists can only surmise how Hatshepsut obtained her lotion. "Egyptian physicians were general practitioners and good surgeons, but they were lousy internists," explained Dr. Wiedenfeld. "It is quite possible that they owe their knowledge of certain medications to their contacts with Persia and India where the healing arts were very advanced even in Antiquity."

Contacts and sources:
Michael Hoeveler-Mueller
University of Bonn

Increase Your Energy Levels Naturally

Everyday I hear the same complaints from the same people about how tired they are, how stressed they are etc. with no solution in sight! The key is to correct the situation versus standing idle and accepting it.

Forget about the energy drinks or pills. Learn to increase your energy naturally, and have a healthy steady supply to get you through each day. By adjusting your personal eating, sleeping and exercise habits, you can boost your energy the natural way and settle into a self-sustaining rhythm.

Essential Water – Keep your body hydrated throughout the day. The first sign of dehydration is fatigue. Your body can’t function at capacity without that good old H2O. A steady supply of water will naturally keep things flowing–including your energy.

Improve Sleeping Habits – Often a small adjustment of your sleeping habits can already do wonders for your energy levels.

• Lying in bed is not sleeping: Don’t go to bed if your not sleepy and end up lying in bed pondering and stressing.  If you are drifting off at the computer, while reading, or watching TV, it’s time to get to bed. Your bedtime should and will vary from night to night. Let your body tell you when to sleep as opposed to the following the 8-hour rule.
• Rise and Shine: Put an alarm and get up at the same time everyday.
• Sleepy at Noon?: Try a powernap of 20 minutes in a quiet place.

Experiment and find out what your optimal sleep levels are.

Yoga, Exercising & Stretching – It sounds counter-intuitive, perhaps, but by expending energy on a regular basis, you will actually give yourself more of it in the end. The key is to set up a fairly regular schedule–about three times a week–and push to the point that you feel refreshed, not exhausted. Don’t overdo it. It may take a couple of weeks to get into the natural rhythm, so have patience and higher energy levels will follow.

Deep breathing exercise – Another great way to re-energize your body is with a quick deep breathing exercise. Sit on a chair with a straight back and breathe deeply while you focus on your breath going in – going out. At the same time use a powerful affirmation to invigorate your mind and body.

Eliminate Energy-Sappers From Your Diet – Have more alkaline-forming foods like fruits and vegetables. Avoid excess sugar and coffee as they lead to lower blood sugar levels–and less energy–after they give you an initial kick. Also one could pack some almonds and nuts for a quick and convenient protein snack.

Medical Benefits of Grapes

GRAPES are around 8,000 types of grapes available in this world. Even though there are many varieties of grapes, the most common types of grapes we encounter are black, purple and green grapes.





Black grapes have more medicinal values compared to purple and green grapes.




In western countries black grapes are used to prepare wine.If you, siblings or your life partner is weak, tired or stressed up, instead of consuming alcohol drinks, it is best to consume black grape juice.

How to make black grape juice?

Take 1 handful of black grapes.

Blend the fruit with water (optional)

Make sure you blend the seeds also.

Strain and leave for 4- 6 hours.

Serve to your husband or siblings.



This juice is good as,,,

a) it aids and increase digestion. Make sure you take one glass of black grape juice after your meal

b.) ease bowel motion

c) gives strength to small intestines

d) provides strength to children Grape seeds have many medicinal values.

The seeds are used to produce oil and have the healing nutrients to prevent cancer.





When serving grapes to your kids, make sure you remove the skin as their body system will not be able to digest the skins properly. As for adults, they should consume the skin, flesh and seeds. 





This is the right way of eating grapes and the way to gain the fruits full nutritional values.Black grape juice will not cause dizziness. Instead it will calm the mind, promotes good sleep and gives vigorousness to men when they wake up in the morning.

Hence try to consume black grapes at least once in every fortnight...